Pola Penggunaan Gawai yang Dilaporkan Keluarga dan Respons Tutur Anak Usia Tiga Tahun: Studi Kasus Psikolinguistik

Abstract

This study describes the family-reported pattern of gadget use and the forms of verbal responses of a three-year-old child with indications of speech delay from a psycholinguistic perspective. A qualitative approach with a descriptive case study design was employed. The subject was selected purposively, namely a three-year-old child with indications of limited speech and long daily gadget use according to parental reports. Data were collected through participant observation, structured interviews with the parents, and video recordings of interactions. The unit of analysis was the question–answer episode, consisting of one question or offer from the researcher and the child’s response. Ten episodes were coded on three separate dimensions: presence and modality of response, number of words, and phonological processes. According to the parents, the child used a gadget from waking up until bedtime, mainly to watch YouTube; this duration was not measured in a structured way. Of the ten episodes, five contained verbal responses, one contained a gestural response, and four showed no observable response. All five verbal responses consisted of a single word, and three of them showed phonological processes, namely sound substitution, syllable deletion, and consonant cluster reduction. All six observed responses were relevant to the questions, but these data do not constitute a standardized measure of receptive ability. This pattern is consistent with previous findings on reduced two-way verbal interaction under high screen exposure, but it does not demonstrate that gadget use caused speech delay in this child.